Before joining the military and building an Alawite caste around himself, Hafez al-Assad was a fervent supporter of the ...
The Middle East underwent immense changes in the 1950s due to political instability and ideological shifts. This period, ...
Abdi dismissed the idea of Syrian Kurds seeking independence or an autonomous government akin to Iraq’s Kurdistan Region.
not governments,” a doctrine established by Algeria’s founding diplomats after gaining independence in 1962. Assad, Syria’s leader for nearly 25 years, fled to Russia on Dec. 8, ending the ...
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